《中国经济史研究》2002年第1期目录2004.01.07
·中国经济史研究·
中国现代化黎明期西方科技的民间引进 汪敬虞(3)
三十年代土地阶级分配状况的整体考察和数量分析
----30年代土地问题研究之三 刘克祥(19)
论长江沿岸城市之间的金融联系 李一翔(36)
清代以来山西典商的发展及原因 刘建生 王瑞芬(48)
·理论探讨·
中国的资本主义萌芽 科大卫(57)
·专题评论·
关于日本的明清社会经济史研究的学术史回顾
----以理论模式和问题意识的递嬗为中心 高寿仙(68)
·经济政策与经济发展·
民间时期两次全国工商会议与经济政策 徐建生(78)
国民经济恢复时期的外汇管制 赵学军(91)
中国第一次失业高峰的形成和治理 程连升(102)
建国五十年国有经济布局演变及评价
----以贵州省为个案所进行的分析 洪名勇(111)
·青年论坛·
《长沙走马楼三国吴简·嘉禾吏民田家莂》性质与内容分析 李卿(122)
关于南北朝商人的几个问题 瞿安全(132)
试论累世同居共财在元代的发展及其特点 刘晓(141)
·读史札记·
明代嘉靖年间江南的门摊税问题
----关于一条材料的标点理解 范金民(149)
·学术动态·
中国传统经济的再评价
----中国经济史论坛会议记录 石涛、毛阳光(154)
江南的城市工业与大众文化
----中国东南区域史第二次国际学术研讨会综述 江南(158)
《中国经济史研究》2002年第1期主要论文内容提要和关键词
中国现代化黎明期西方科技的民间引进
汪敬虞
内容提要:本文与作者在纪念辛亥革命80周年时撰写的《发扬中国产业革命精神》为姊妹篇。前文旨在叙说中国民族资本家为发展现代企业而奋起的强烈愿望,本文则着重记述这些先行者们在中国现代化黎明期为新生产力的引进和开发而进行的不懈努力。两者都是过去一个多世纪中华大地上弥漫着的产业革命精神。它可以说辛亥革命的时代精神。开拓这方面的考察,能为我们在新的世纪中纪念辛亥革命提供一个新的视角。
发端于19世纪中叶的西方科学技术的引进,有官方和民间两个并进的途径。过去谈论这个问题时,大都着眼于官方的引进,亦即以洋务运动为主流的活动。本文则着眼于后者,亦即广泛存在于民间的活动。这是因为民间的活动,不但在时间上先于洋务运动的兴起,而且在出发点上更加体现了中国人民对现代化的执着追求。这种精神,在今天仍然值得发扬光大。
民间活动的主角是最先和西方资本主义有所接触的人物,它的构成主要是下列三种人:一是鸦片战争前被称为"洋商"的广东行商,二是鸦片战争后通商口岸的洋行买办以及和洋行有交往的中国商人,三是鸦片战争前后出洋活动的华侨商人。他们有一个共同的特点,就是都带一个"洋"字。这个"洋"字,实际就是资本主义的简称。
民间活动,多数都是试探的性质,有的计划,只是一种设想。有的虽付诸实行,多数是昙花一现。即使一枝独放,也难免无以为继的结局。他们的活动不具有洋务派官方活动的声势,但却体现了中国人民对现代化执着追求的主动精神。
关键词:广东行商 洋行买办 华侨商人
三十年代土地阶级分配状况的整体考察和数量分析
----30年代土地问题研究之三
刘克祥
内容提要:中国地域辽阔,地区间差异悬殊,地权分配状况及其变化,十分复杂,由于受传统和不同因素的影响,从全国范围看,地权的集中与分散,往往同时并存或交替出现。但20世纪30年代,集中却是地权分配的一般形态。其基本趋势和特征是,自耕农加速破产和无地化,中小地主没落,大地主膨胀,地权恶性集中。本文在综合整理大量调查统计基础上所作的20世纪30年代地权分配数量估计显示:南北之间地权分配的差异缩小,地主富农占地比重上升,占全国人口11.8%的地主富农垄断了61.7%的土地,而占人口66%的贫雇农只有17.2%的土地,仅相当应得土地的1/4强,土地分配不均的程度进一步加剧。中国共产党领导的土地革命,其主要目标就是要解决占农村人口的2/3的贫雇农的土地问题。
关键词:土地阶级分配 地权分散 恶性集中
论长江沿岸城市之间的金融联系
李一翔
内容提要:鸦片战争后,长江沿岸一些主要城市陆续开埠,国内外贸易发展迅速,近代工业次第产生,带动了城市经济的勃兴与城市规模的扩大,并逐步形成以上海---汉口---重庆三个中心城市为支点的长江流域经济带。在这个发展过程中,长江沿岸城市间的金融联系日益密切,其主要标志:一是以银行为主体的近代金融业交叉发展;二是以上海为枢纽的城市金融网络渐次形成;三是以资金流动为内核的金融往来渐趋繁复。
关键词:沿岸城市 金融机构 金融网络 资金流动
清代以来山西典商的发展及原因
刘建生 王瑞芬
内容提要:清代以来山西典商长足发展,其数目之多、规模之大、分布之广泛,是其他商帮难以比拟的。本文在论述山西典商发展状况的基础上,进一步分析了山西典商兴盛的一般原因和特殊原因。
关键词:山西典商 发展概况 兴盛原因
中国的资本主义萌芽
科大卫
内容提要:本文讨论15--20世纪中国经济发展中金融制度和商业组织的角色。文章认为,金融制度的缺陷妨碍了20世纪中国经济的发展,其根源可追溯至明代食盐贸易的历史。明代食盐贸易包含了商业票据的投机要素,这些商业票据以一种被称为"盐引"的国债为基础。17世纪初"盐引"的废除,意味着向取代金融市场的皇帝荫庇制度的决定性转变,新的做法被称为"官督商办"。至19世纪的最后10年,公司法经通商口岸被引进中国,商业票据市场才再次缓慢出现。股份资本的要求有助于融资市场的重新出现,这一市场所要求的规则,在荫庇制下的贸易中不可能出现。
关键词:盐法 资本 公司法 股份 合同 官督商办
关于日本的明清社会经济史研究的学术史回顾
----以理论模式和问题意识的递嬗为中心
高寿仙
内容提要:半个多世纪以来日本的明清社会经济史研究,根据其理论模式和问题意识的嬗变,可以划分为三个阶段:20世纪40年代后期至50年代为第一阶段,学术研究主要围绕商品经济和地主制两个方面进行;20世纪60至70年代为第二阶段,占据中心地位的是"乡绅论"、"国家论"、"共同体论"等几个紧密相关的学术问题;第三阶段自20世纪80年代延续至今,比较引人注目的学术思潮是"小经营生产方式论"和"地域社会论"。
关键词:日本 明清社会经济 学术史
民间时期两次全国工商会议与经济政策
徐建生
内容提要:民国时期的北京、南京二政府,都曾经召集全国工商会议。前后两次会议既致力于为久脱未决的相同的经济、财税、金融等问题寻找出路,又由于时势迁移而产生了新的问题或不尽相同的方案,特别是在确立"基本工业"及官办(国营)或是民营(私营)等敏感问题及其解答方面;会议的境况和地位也有了很大的不同。它们作为二政府经济政策的起点和预备,促使了其后经济法规的制定和重大政策措施的出台;它们本身各自存在争议和矛盾,更蕴涵着二政府经济政策之间的连续与变异。
关键词:工商会议 政策需求 连续性 变异
国民经济恢复时期的外汇管制
赵学军
内容提要:本文认为国民经济恢复时期我国的外汇经营体系是在整顿改造旧中国外汇市场的基础上创建的,主要有管理机构、专营银行、外汇交易所构成。国家实施的外汇管制主要有贸易项目管制、非贸易项目管制、人民币、外币、金银项目管制、汇率管制。外汇的管制取得明显成效,彻底改变了旧中国外汇市场的畸形状态,但也存在一些 缺点,如"集中管理,统一经营"的方针从长期看不利于发挥外贸企业创汇的积极性;市场机制的消亡使我国失去了一个有效的外汇收支调节器。本文还从治理通货膨胀、保护民族工业、防止民间资本外逃倾向等方面分析了这一时期外汇管制形成之因。
关键词:国民经济恢复时期 外汇管制
中国第一次失业高峰的形成和治理
程连升
内容提要:新中国建立初期,由于社会秩序和经济结构的剧烈变动,遇到了异常严重的失业问题,形成了我国第一次失业高峰。本文重点论述了这次失业高峰的形成原因和治理政策,指出党和政府对这次高峰的治理对策是符合当时国情的,效果是良好与显著的。分析和梳理这一段历史经历,可以为我们昭示许多宝贵的失业治理经验。
关键词:第一次失业高峰 成因 治理经验
建国五十年国有经济布局演变及评价
----以贵州省为个案所进行的分析
洪名勇
内容提要:本文以贵州省为个案,全面系统地分析了建国到1998年国有经济布局的系统演变,并对国有经济布局演变进行了评析。综合起来看,过去国有经济布局调整有成功,也有失误。历史启示我们,战线过长的国有经济布局是没有好处的,即使我们不调整国有经济布局,已不得不放弃部分国有企业。国有经济布局调整有三大特点:一是国有经济布局调整的基础是国家计划,二是增量调整是国有经济布局调整的主要方式,三是对非国有经济的限制与鼓励。同时,文章对国家或政府在国有经济布局调整中所起的作用给予了特别的关注。
关键词:贵州国有经济布局 历史演变 政府作用
《长沙走马楼三国吴简·嘉禾吏田民家莂》性质与内容分析
李卿
内容提要:本文通过对《长沙走马楼三国吴简·嘉禾吏民田家莂》简牍所载主要经济内容的分析,认为该文书的性质是年度户别税钞总计,而不是租佃契约文书;并探讨了文书中的"丘"与乡里基层政权组织的关系,它可能是乡里之下用以标示地名的小自然村、居民点。又对官田出租类别中的"二年常限田"与"余力(火种)田"、"旱田"、"熟田"的实际含义进行了考证;并指明三国孙吴时期官田的地租形态是"按亩计征"的实物定额租。最后通过旱熟田的比例数字,说明此时服务于农业生产的水利事业仍处于滞后状态。
关键词:走马楼 吴简 吏民 莂
关于南北朝商人的几个问题
瞿安全
内容提要:关于南北朝的商人,前辈学者的论著中多有涉猎,但他们的论述很少从经济层面入手,笔者在认真研读有关史料的基础上,讨论了南北朝中小商人的发展及其差异、南北朝商人的经营活动,并以南朝粮商为例,分析了商人对南北朝经济的影响。本文认为南北朝大量专职中小商人涌现,说明南北朝,尤其是南朝商业在局部有所发展,南北朝的商人在历史发展中具有承前启后的意义。但也应注意到此历史时期,商业的发展并非基于社会经济的充分发展。
关键词:南北朝 商人 粮食贸易
试论累世同居共财在元代的发展及其特点
刘晓
内容提要:累世同居共财,又称义门,是中国古代家庭与家族的一种特殊形态,近年来,曾引起过学者们的广泛关注。本文考察了元代有关同居共财的前后发展变化并对累世同居共财在元代的发展状况及其特点进行了探讨。
关键词:元代 累世同居共财 义门
RESEARCHES IN CHINESE ECONOMIC HISTORY Quarterly No.1 2002
CONTENTS
Researches of Chinese Economy
The nongovernmental import of the Western technology in the early modern
China .............Wang jingyu(3)
A Comprehensive Observation and a Mathematical Analysis on Land Distributio
in 1930s...................Liu Kexiang(19)
On Financial Relationships among Cities along the Yangtze River in
Modern China................. Li Yixiang(36)
The development of Shanxi's merchants from the Qing dynasty
.....................Liu Jianshen Wang Ruifen(48)
Discuss the Theory
Sprouts of China's Capitalism ...............David Faure(57)
Special Topic
A Review of Japanese Scholarship on Ming-Qing Socioeconomic History :
Focus on Transformation of Theoretical models and central Issues
............................ Gao Shouxian(68)
Economic Policy and Development
Two National Meetings of Industry and Commerce and the Economic Policy
during the Republic of China................. Xu Jiansheng (68)
Foreign Exchange Control during the Rehabilitation period of National
Economy ........................Zhao Xue jun(91)
Cause of China 's First-time Unemployment Peak and Its Solution
..................... Cheng Liansheng(102)
The Changes of State-owned Economy's layout from 1949 to 1998 and
Comments on it Taking Guizhou for a case........ Hong Mingyuan (111)
Tribune of Yong Scholar
An Analysis of the Nature and Content of Changsha Zuoma Building's
Three-state Wu Bamboo Slip.............Li Qing(122)
Some Problem of Businessmen in North-South Dynasty.... Qu Anquan(132)
The Development and its Characteristic of Yi-Men during the
Yuan Dynasty.................... Liu Xiao(141)
On Mentan Tax during Jiajin Period of Ming Dynasty
_____An Interpretation of a Material's Punctuation Marks
.....................Fan Jinmin(149)
Abstracts
On Financial Relationships among Cities along the Yangtze River in Modern
China
Li Yixiang
Abstracts: After the "opium war ",key cities along the Yangtze River began
to open the outside world in succession, which resulted in the rapid
development uf China's domestic and foreign trade . Modern industries came
into beings, and cities grew quickly. The three cities Shanghai , Hankou
and Congqing contributed a lot to the formation of the Yangtze River Economic
Belts . in the process , financial relationshios among the cities along the
Yangtze river became closer and closer . the main marks are as follows :
1)Various financial industries , with banks as main body , developed alternately
.2)Urban financial network , with Shanghai as a center , formed step by step .
3)Financial relations ,with capital flow as a core , became closer and closer
Key words : cities along the Yangtze River , financial institutions , financial
network , capital flow
Sprouts of China's Capitalism
David Faure
Abstracts: this paper discusses the role of financial institutions and business
incorporation in the development of the Chinese economy from the fifteenth to
the twentieth century . It argues that weaknesses in financial institutions
hampered China's economic development in the twentieth century , and traces the
cause of that to the history of the salt trade in the Ming dynasty , the Ming
salt trade embodied elements of speculation in commercial papers which were based
on a national debt denominated in salt . the abolition of "salt tickets " in the
early seventeenth century amounted to a decisive shift towards reliance on imperial
patronage as a substitute for the finance market , a policy formalized as "official
supervision and merchant management ".a market in commercial papers emerged slowly
again only in the last decades of the nineteenth century when company law was
introduced to China via the treaty ports . the demand for share capital contributed
to the re-emergence of a finance market which demanded discipline not found in trading
under patronage .
Key words :China capitalism , sprouts of capitalism , company law and the emergence
of the modern firm
A Review of Japanese Scholarship on Ming-Qing Socioeconomic History :Focus
on Transformation of Theoretical models and central Issues
Gao Shouxian
Abstracts: in Japan , the academic development on Ming-Qing socioeconomic history
during the past more than half a century , according to its transformation of
theoretical models and central issues , could be divided into three phases .
in the first phrase , which lasted from 1940s to 1950s , the academic researches
mainly centred on commodity economy and landlord system . the studies of second
phase that covered 1960s and 1970s focused on such issues interrelated each other
as "gentry ","state", and "community ". the third phase lasted to this day from
1980s , in which "mode of small production "and "local society " have been
noticeable academic trends.
Key words : Japan , Ming-Qing socioeconomic history
Foreign Exchange Control during the Rehabilitation period of National Economy
Zhao Xue jun
Abstracts: Based on reforming of Chinese old foreign exchange market , the
authority establish the management and administration system of foreign
exchange during the rehabilitation period of natonal economy . this system
was composed of administration department , special banks ,and foreign
exchange institutions. Foreign exchange programs controlled by the state
were trade , non-trade ,Reminbi , foreign currencies ,gold , silvers, and
exchange rates . foreign exchange control achieved remarkable success that
changed the abnormality in the Republic of China . but foreign exchange
control brought about other defects: the police of centralized management
and unified running was not advantageous to bring the initiative of the
foreign trade enterprise into full play; disappearance of market mechanism
led to loss a foreign exchange revenue and expenditure regulator . Besides
those views , this essay put forward the reason why foreign exchange control
system was established is that the state want to control inflation , protect
national industries , and prevent privates capital fleeing.
Key words : the Rehabilitation period of national economy , foreign exchange control
The Changes of State-owned Economy's layout from 1949 to 1998 and Comments on
it Taking Guizhou for a case
Hong Mingyuan
Abstracts: taking Guizhou for a case , the article comprehensively and
systematically analysis the of state-owned economy's layout from 1949 to
1998 and makes some comments on it . in all ,the adjustment of the state-owned
economy in the past has some success as well as some failure . the history
tells us that it's no good to have a long "battle--line"state-owned economy's
layout . though we don't want to adjust it , we have to gave up some enterptises.
There are three feature of the adjustment : the first is it based on national
plan , the second is the adjustment of increment being the main content , the
third is the restrictions and encouragements to the non-state-owned economy .
At the same time , it pays a special attention to the effect of the government
during the adjust process.
Key words : the layout of state-owned economy changes history the government's
effected
The Development and its Characteristic of Yi-Men during the Yuan Dynasty
Liu Xiao
Abstracts: Yi-men the big family whose members reside together and share a
common budget for everyday expense , was widely discussed by scholars in recent
years . in this paper , the author researches the changes of policy about Yi-men
in Yuan Dynasty , then discusses the development and its characteristic of
this kind of family during Yuan times.
Key words : Yi-men in the Yuan dynasty ,
中国现代化黎明期西方科技的民间引进 汪敬虞(3)
三十年代土地阶级分配状况的整体考察和数量分析
----30年代土地问题研究之三 刘克祥(19)
论长江沿岸城市之间的金融联系 李一翔(36)
清代以来山西典商的发展及原因 刘建生 王瑞芬(48)
·理论探讨·
中国的资本主义萌芽 科大卫(57)
·专题评论·
关于日本的明清社会经济史研究的学术史回顾
----以理论模式和问题意识的递嬗为中心 高寿仙(68)
·经济政策与经济发展·
民间时期两次全国工商会议与经济政策 徐建生(78)
国民经济恢复时期的外汇管制 赵学军(91)
中国第一次失业高峰的形成和治理 程连升(102)
建国五十年国有经济布局演变及评价
----以贵州省为个案所进行的分析 洪名勇(111)
·青年论坛·
《长沙走马楼三国吴简·嘉禾吏民田家莂》性质与内容分析 李卿(122)
关于南北朝商人的几个问题 瞿安全(132)
试论累世同居共财在元代的发展及其特点 刘晓(141)
·读史札记·
明代嘉靖年间江南的门摊税问题
----关于一条材料的标点理解 范金民(149)
·学术动态·
中国传统经济的再评价
----中国经济史论坛会议记录 石涛、毛阳光(154)
江南的城市工业与大众文化
----中国东南区域史第二次国际学术研讨会综述 江南(158)
《中国经济史研究》2002年第1期主要论文内容提要和关键词
中国现代化黎明期西方科技的民间引进
汪敬虞
内容提要:本文与作者在纪念辛亥革命80周年时撰写的《发扬中国产业革命精神》为姊妹篇。前文旨在叙说中国民族资本家为发展现代企业而奋起的强烈愿望,本文则着重记述这些先行者们在中国现代化黎明期为新生产力的引进和开发而进行的不懈努力。两者都是过去一个多世纪中华大地上弥漫着的产业革命精神。它可以说辛亥革命的时代精神。开拓这方面的考察,能为我们在新的世纪中纪念辛亥革命提供一个新的视角。
发端于19世纪中叶的西方科学技术的引进,有官方和民间两个并进的途径。过去谈论这个问题时,大都着眼于官方的引进,亦即以洋务运动为主流的活动。本文则着眼于后者,亦即广泛存在于民间的活动。这是因为民间的活动,不但在时间上先于洋务运动的兴起,而且在出发点上更加体现了中国人民对现代化的执着追求。这种精神,在今天仍然值得发扬光大。
民间活动的主角是最先和西方资本主义有所接触的人物,它的构成主要是下列三种人:一是鸦片战争前被称为"洋商"的广东行商,二是鸦片战争后通商口岸的洋行买办以及和洋行有交往的中国商人,三是鸦片战争前后出洋活动的华侨商人。他们有一个共同的特点,就是都带一个"洋"字。这个"洋"字,实际就是资本主义的简称。
民间活动,多数都是试探的性质,有的计划,只是一种设想。有的虽付诸实行,多数是昙花一现。即使一枝独放,也难免无以为继的结局。他们的活动不具有洋务派官方活动的声势,但却体现了中国人民对现代化执着追求的主动精神。
关键词:广东行商 洋行买办 华侨商人
三十年代土地阶级分配状况的整体考察和数量分析
----30年代土地问题研究之三
刘克祥
内容提要:中国地域辽阔,地区间差异悬殊,地权分配状况及其变化,十分复杂,由于受传统和不同因素的影响,从全国范围看,地权的集中与分散,往往同时并存或交替出现。但20世纪30年代,集中却是地权分配的一般形态。其基本趋势和特征是,自耕农加速破产和无地化,中小地主没落,大地主膨胀,地权恶性集中。本文在综合整理大量调查统计基础上所作的20世纪30年代地权分配数量估计显示:南北之间地权分配的差异缩小,地主富农占地比重上升,占全国人口11.8%的地主富农垄断了61.7%的土地,而占人口66%的贫雇农只有17.2%的土地,仅相当应得土地的1/4强,土地分配不均的程度进一步加剧。中国共产党领导的土地革命,其主要目标就是要解决占农村人口的2/3的贫雇农的土地问题。
关键词:土地阶级分配 地权分散 恶性集中
论长江沿岸城市之间的金融联系
李一翔
内容提要:鸦片战争后,长江沿岸一些主要城市陆续开埠,国内外贸易发展迅速,近代工业次第产生,带动了城市经济的勃兴与城市规模的扩大,并逐步形成以上海---汉口---重庆三个中心城市为支点的长江流域经济带。在这个发展过程中,长江沿岸城市间的金融联系日益密切,其主要标志:一是以银行为主体的近代金融业交叉发展;二是以上海为枢纽的城市金融网络渐次形成;三是以资金流动为内核的金融往来渐趋繁复。
关键词:沿岸城市 金融机构 金融网络 资金流动
清代以来山西典商的发展及原因
刘建生 王瑞芬
内容提要:清代以来山西典商长足发展,其数目之多、规模之大、分布之广泛,是其他商帮难以比拟的。本文在论述山西典商发展状况的基础上,进一步分析了山西典商兴盛的一般原因和特殊原因。
关键词:山西典商 发展概况 兴盛原因
中国的资本主义萌芽
科大卫
内容提要:本文讨论15--20世纪中国经济发展中金融制度和商业组织的角色。文章认为,金融制度的缺陷妨碍了20世纪中国经济的发展,其根源可追溯至明代食盐贸易的历史。明代食盐贸易包含了商业票据的投机要素,这些商业票据以一种被称为"盐引"的国债为基础。17世纪初"盐引"的废除,意味着向取代金融市场的皇帝荫庇制度的决定性转变,新的做法被称为"官督商办"。至19世纪的最后10年,公司法经通商口岸被引进中国,商业票据市场才再次缓慢出现。股份资本的要求有助于融资市场的重新出现,这一市场所要求的规则,在荫庇制下的贸易中不可能出现。
关键词:盐法 资本 公司法 股份 合同 官督商办
关于日本的明清社会经济史研究的学术史回顾
----以理论模式和问题意识的递嬗为中心
高寿仙
内容提要:半个多世纪以来日本的明清社会经济史研究,根据其理论模式和问题意识的嬗变,可以划分为三个阶段:20世纪40年代后期至50年代为第一阶段,学术研究主要围绕商品经济和地主制两个方面进行;20世纪60至70年代为第二阶段,占据中心地位的是"乡绅论"、"国家论"、"共同体论"等几个紧密相关的学术问题;第三阶段自20世纪80年代延续至今,比较引人注目的学术思潮是"小经营生产方式论"和"地域社会论"。
关键词:日本 明清社会经济 学术史
民间时期两次全国工商会议与经济政策
徐建生
内容提要:民国时期的北京、南京二政府,都曾经召集全国工商会议。前后两次会议既致力于为久脱未决的相同的经济、财税、金融等问题寻找出路,又由于时势迁移而产生了新的问题或不尽相同的方案,特别是在确立"基本工业"及官办(国营)或是民营(私营)等敏感问题及其解答方面;会议的境况和地位也有了很大的不同。它们作为二政府经济政策的起点和预备,促使了其后经济法规的制定和重大政策措施的出台;它们本身各自存在争议和矛盾,更蕴涵着二政府经济政策之间的连续与变异。
关键词:工商会议 政策需求 连续性 变异
国民经济恢复时期的外汇管制
赵学军
内容提要:本文认为国民经济恢复时期我国的外汇经营体系是在整顿改造旧中国外汇市场的基础上创建的,主要有管理机构、专营银行、外汇交易所构成。国家实施的外汇管制主要有贸易项目管制、非贸易项目管制、人民币、外币、金银项目管制、汇率管制。外汇的管制取得明显成效,彻底改变了旧中国外汇市场的畸形状态,但也存在一些 缺点,如"集中管理,统一经营"的方针从长期看不利于发挥外贸企业创汇的积极性;市场机制的消亡使我国失去了一个有效的外汇收支调节器。本文还从治理通货膨胀、保护民族工业、防止民间资本外逃倾向等方面分析了这一时期外汇管制形成之因。
关键词:国民经济恢复时期 外汇管制
中国第一次失业高峰的形成和治理
程连升
内容提要:新中国建立初期,由于社会秩序和经济结构的剧烈变动,遇到了异常严重的失业问题,形成了我国第一次失业高峰。本文重点论述了这次失业高峰的形成原因和治理政策,指出党和政府对这次高峰的治理对策是符合当时国情的,效果是良好与显著的。分析和梳理这一段历史经历,可以为我们昭示许多宝贵的失业治理经验。
关键词:第一次失业高峰 成因 治理经验
建国五十年国有经济布局演变及评价
----以贵州省为个案所进行的分析
洪名勇
内容提要:本文以贵州省为个案,全面系统地分析了建国到1998年国有经济布局的系统演变,并对国有经济布局演变进行了评析。综合起来看,过去国有经济布局调整有成功,也有失误。历史启示我们,战线过长的国有经济布局是没有好处的,即使我们不调整国有经济布局,已不得不放弃部分国有企业。国有经济布局调整有三大特点:一是国有经济布局调整的基础是国家计划,二是增量调整是国有经济布局调整的主要方式,三是对非国有经济的限制与鼓励。同时,文章对国家或政府在国有经济布局调整中所起的作用给予了特别的关注。
关键词:贵州国有经济布局 历史演变 政府作用
《长沙走马楼三国吴简·嘉禾吏田民家莂》性质与内容分析
李卿
内容提要:本文通过对《长沙走马楼三国吴简·嘉禾吏民田家莂》简牍所载主要经济内容的分析,认为该文书的性质是年度户别税钞总计,而不是租佃契约文书;并探讨了文书中的"丘"与乡里基层政权组织的关系,它可能是乡里之下用以标示地名的小自然村、居民点。又对官田出租类别中的"二年常限田"与"余力(火种)田"、"旱田"、"熟田"的实际含义进行了考证;并指明三国孙吴时期官田的地租形态是"按亩计征"的实物定额租。最后通过旱熟田的比例数字,说明此时服务于农业生产的水利事业仍处于滞后状态。
关键词:走马楼 吴简 吏民 莂
关于南北朝商人的几个问题
瞿安全
内容提要:关于南北朝的商人,前辈学者的论著中多有涉猎,但他们的论述很少从经济层面入手,笔者在认真研读有关史料的基础上,讨论了南北朝中小商人的发展及其差异、南北朝商人的经营活动,并以南朝粮商为例,分析了商人对南北朝经济的影响。本文认为南北朝大量专职中小商人涌现,说明南北朝,尤其是南朝商业在局部有所发展,南北朝的商人在历史发展中具有承前启后的意义。但也应注意到此历史时期,商业的发展并非基于社会经济的充分发展。
关键词:南北朝 商人 粮食贸易
试论累世同居共财在元代的发展及其特点
刘晓
内容提要:累世同居共财,又称义门,是中国古代家庭与家族的一种特殊形态,近年来,曾引起过学者们的广泛关注。本文考察了元代有关同居共财的前后发展变化并对累世同居共财在元代的发展状况及其特点进行了探讨。
关键词:元代 累世同居共财 义门
RESEARCHES IN CHINESE ECONOMIC HISTORY Quarterly No.1 2002
CONTENTS
Researches of Chinese Economy
The nongovernmental import of the Western technology in the early modern
China .............Wang jingyu(3)
A Comprehensive Observation and a Mathematical Analysis on Land Distributio
in 1930s...................Liu Kexiang(19)
On Financial Relationships among Cities along the Yangtze River in
Modern China................. Li Yixiang(36)
The development of Shanxi's merchants from the Qing dynasty
.....................Liu Jianshen Wang Ruifen(48)
Discuss the Theory
Sprouts of China's Capitalism ...............David Faure(57)
Special Topic
A Review of Japanese Scholarship on Ming-Qing Socioeconomic History :
Focus on Transformation of Theoretical models and central Issues
............................ Gao Shouxian(68)
Economic Policy and Development
Two National Meetings of Industry and Commerce and the Economic Policy
during the Republic of China................. Xu Jiansheng (68)
Foreign Exchange Control during the Rehabilitation period of National
Economy ........................Zhao Xue jun(91)
Cause of China 's First-time Unemployment Peak and Its Solution
..................... Cheng Liansheng(102)
The Changes of State-owned Economy's layout from 1949 to 1998 and
Comments on it Taking Guizhou for a case........ Hong Mingyuan (111)
Tribune of Yong Scholar
An Analysis of the Nature and Content of Changsha Zuoma Building's
Three-state Wu Bamboo Slip.............Li Qing(122)
Some Problem of Businessmen in North-South Dynasty.... Qu Anquan(132)
The Development and its Characteristic of Yi-Men during the
Yuan Dynasty.................... Liu Xiao(141)
On Mentan Tax during Jiajin Period of Ming Dynasty
_____An Interpretation of a Material's Punctuation Marks
.....................Fan Jinmin(149)
Abstracts
On Financial Relationships among Cities along the Yangtze River in Modern
China
Li Yixiang
Abstracts: After the "opium war ",key cities along the Yangtze River began
to open the outside world in succession, which resulted in the rapid
development uf China's domestic and foreign trade . Modern industries came
into beings, and cities grew quickly. The three cities Shanghai , Hankou
and Congqing contributed a lot to the formation of the Yangtze River Economic
Belts . in the process , financial relationshios among the cities along the
Yangtze river became closer and closer . the main marks are as follows :
1)Various financial industries , with banks as main body , developed alternately
.2)Urban financial network , with Shanghai as a center , formed step by step .
3)Financial relations ,with capital flow as a core , became closer and closer
Key words : cities along the Yangtze River , financial institutions , financial
network , capital flow
Sprouts of China's Capitalism
David Faure
Abstracts: this paper discusses the role of financial institutions and business
incorporation in the development of the Chinese economy from the fifteenth to
the twentieth century . It argues that weaknesses in financial institutions
hampered China's economic development in the twentieth century , and traces the
cause of that to the history of the salt trade in the Ming dynasty , the Ming
salt trade embodied elements of speculation in commercial papers which were based
on a national debt denominated in salt . the abolition of "salt tickets " in the
early seventeenth century amounted to a decisive shift towards reliance on imperial
patronage as a substitute for the finance market , a policy formalized as "official
supervision and merchant management ".a market in commercial papers emerged slowly
again only in the last decades of the nineteenth century when company law was
introduced to China via the treaty ports . the demand for share capital contributed
to the re-emergence of a finance market which demanded discipline not found in trading
under patronage .
Key words :China capitalism , sprouts of capitalism , company law and the emergence
of the modern firm
A Review of Japanese Scholarship on Ming-Qing Socioeconomic History :Focus
on Transformation of Theoretical models and central Issues
Gao Shouxian
Abstracts: in Japan , the academic development on Ming-Qing socioeconomic history
during the past more than half a century , according to its transformation of
theoretical models and central issues , could be divided into three phases .
in the first phrase , which lasted from 1940s to 1950s , the academic researches
mainly centred on commodity economy and landlord system . the studies of second
phase that covered 1960s and 1970s focused on such issues interrelated each other
as "gentry ","state", and "community ". the third phase lasted to this day from
1980s , in which "mode of small production "and "local society " have been
noticeable academic trends.
Key words : Japan , Ming-Qing socioeconomic history
Foreign Exchange Control during the Rehabilitation period of National Economy
Zhao Xue jun
Abstracts: Based on reforming of Chinese old foreign exchange market , the
authority establish the management and administration system of foreign
exchange during the rehabilitation period of natonal economy . this system
was composed of administration department , special banks ,and foreign
exchange institutions. Foreign exchange programs controlled by the state
were trade , non-trade ,Reminbi , foreign currencies ,gold , silvers, and
exchange rates . foreign exchange control achieved remarkable success that
changed the abnormality in the Republic of China . but foreign exchange
control brought about other defects: the police of centralized management
and unified running was not advantageous to bring the initiative of the
foreign trade enterprise into full play; disappearance of market mechanism
led to loss a foreign exchange revenue and expenditure regulator . Besides
those views , this essay put forward the reason why foreign exchange control
system was established is that the state want to control inflation , protect
national industries , and prevent privates capital fleeing.
Key words : the Rehabilitation period of national economy , foreign exchange control
The Changes of State-owned Economy's layout from 1949 to 1998 and Comments on
it Taking Guizhou for a case
Hong Mingyuan
Abstracts: taking Guizhou for a case , the article comprehensively and
systematically analysis the of state-owned economy's layout from 1949 to
1998 and makes some comments on it . in all ,the adjustment of the state-owned
economy in the past has some success as well as some failure . the history
tells us that it's no good to have a long "battle--line"state-owned economy's
layout . though we don't want to adjust it , we have to gave up some enterptises.
There are three feature of the adjustment : the first is it based on national
plan , the second is the adjustment of increment being the main content , the
third is the restrictions and encouragements to the non-state-owned economy .
At the same time , it pays a special attention to the effect of the government
during the adjust process.
Key words : the layout of state-owned economy changes history the government's
effected
The Development and its Characteristic of Yi-Men during the Yuan Dynasty
Liu Xiao
Abstracts: Yi-men the big family whose members reside together and share a
common budget for everyday expense , was widely discussed by scholars in recent
years . in this paper , the author researches the changes of policy about Yi-men
in Yuan Dynasty , then discusses the development and its characteristic of
this kind of family during Yuan times.
Key words : Yi-men in the Yuan dynasty ,